LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Linear programming is based on five fundamental principles-
1. Principles of small step.
2. Principle of Active
responding.
3. Principle of immediate
confirmation.
4. Principle of self pacing.
5. Principle of student
testing.
DISCRIPTION:
Frame size in small steps; include only one element of topic
at a time. Each step is complete in itself. It can be taught independently and
can be measured independently. Frame structure is based on
stimulus-response-reinforcement. There are four types of frames. Introductory
frames, Teaching frame, practice frames and testing frames.
Responses in linear programming are structured responses and
are controlled by programmer and not by learners. Immediate confirmation of
correct responses provide reinforcement, wrong responses are ignored.
It is used for secondary level students, used for achieving
lower objectives of learning especially for recall and recognition, useful for
student of average and below average intelligence can be used in distance
education programme.
LIMITATIONS:
1. No freedom for student
to response.
2. Based on learning
theories which were formulated by experience conducted on animals. A human
being is more intelligent, than animals, he has got an intelligent brain.
3. Every learner has to
follow the same path; therefore, student may cheat from one another.
4. Wrong responses are
avoided in the programme. No remedy is provided for them.
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